中文名: 亞理斯多德-論魂
原名: De Anima
別名: On the soul
作者: 亞理斯多德-Aristotle
譯者: Robert Drew Hicks
資源格式: PDF
版本: 文字版
出版社: CAMBRIDGE
書號: 0-19-824084-8
發行時間: 1907年
地區: 英國
語言: 英文,希臘文
簡介:

De anima是亞理斯多德的著作中引起最多問題及探討的一本書，這本書也是亞理斯多德之後詮釋最多的一本書。從泛希臘時期直到中世紀不斷有新的詮釋出來。從古代希臘靈魂思想的發展而言，亞理斯多德是第一位哲學家從生物學的觀點說明靈魂為生命的原理，靈魂使得身體之所以活著的原理。
在亞理斯多德之前，希臘人沒有在生命（有機體）和無生命（無機體）的區別，在宇宙中所有的東西都是活的、有生命的。
在De anima中，亞理斯多德以型質論來說明靈魂與身體為一個人的兩個內在的原理。單獨的靈魂不存在，人不是他的靈魂。單獨的身體也不存在，只有在兩者一起時，人方存在。這一理論就明顯的在反對蘇格拉底及柏拉圖的靈魂是真實的人本身，靈魂為真實的實體，可以分開的存在。
De anima可以說是西方靈魂論或人學的第一本系統的著作，亞理斯多德使得靈魂論成為一門科學。有關靈魂的理解可以增進我們對自然（物理）的理解。亞理斯多德要探討的是靈魂的本性、固有的屬性。要擁有有關靈魂的知識是一非常困難的事。
對靈魂的探討的起點：靈魂的兩個獨特的性質
1. 運動
2. 感覺
亞理斯多德從在他之前的哲學家對靈魂的探討開始逐一的說明
.....
---------上文摘自http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!6EUyEimeHxlS...next=113------

On the Soul (Greek Περὶ Ψυχῆς (Perì Psūchês), Latin De Anima) is a major treatise by Aristotle on the nature of living things. His discussion centres on the kinds of souls possessed by different kinds of living things, distinguished by their different operations. Thus plants have the capacity for nourishment and reproduction, the minimum that must be possessed by any kind of living organism. Lower animals have, in addition, the powers of sense-perception and self-motion (action). Humans have all these as well as intellect.
The notion of soul used by Aristotle is only distantly related to the usual modern conception. He holds that the soul is the form, or essence of any living thing; that it is not a distinct substance from the body that it is in; that it is the possession of soul (of a specific kind) that makes an organism an organism at all, and thus that the notion of a body without a soul, or of a soul in the wrong kind of body, is simply unintelligible. (He argues that some parts of the soul--the intellect--can exist without the body, but most cannot.) It is difficult to reconcile these points with the popular picture of a soul as a sort of spiritual substance "inhabiting" a body. Some commentators have suggested that Aristotle's term soul is better translated as lifeforce.[citation needed].
[截圖]
1.希臘文

2.英譯

目錄:
INTRODUCTION ----------Ixxii -xix
GREEK TEXT, CRITICAL NOTES ----------2-163
FRAGMENTS OF AN OLDER RECENSION ---------164-171
NOTES --------173-588