中文名: Solaris 10 系統基本管理
原名: Solaris 10 System Administration Essentials
作者: Solaris System Engineers
資源格式: PDF
出版社: Prentice Hall PTR
書號: 9780137000098
發行時間: 2009年12月03日
地區: 美國
語言: 英文
簡介:

3大企業級的UNIX系統中的一個(Sun Solaris, HP-UX, IBM-AIX)
下載Solaris 10 操作系統
http://cn.sun.com/practice/software/solaris/get.jsp
Solaris是在UNIX的發展過程中逐漸發展起來的。1969年AT&T貝爾實驗室開發出了第一套UNIX操作系統，盡管這只是個單用戶的操作系統，卻標志著UNIX的誕生。UNIX發展的下一個裡程碑是在1973年，當時在貝爾實驗室的工作人員利用C語言重新編寫了UNIX內核程序，這也是為什麼C語言總是和UNIX聯系在一起的原因。即使在今天，盡管已經有許多其他編程語言可以選擇，但大多數UNIX應用仍是采用C語言進行編寫的。
到了1975年，伯克利大學發布了它的第一個UNIX軟件，這個軟件稱為BSD。BSD UNIX在UNIX的歷史發展中有相當大的影響力，被許多商家采用，成為很多商業UNIX的基礎，而Sun公司的Solaris正是在這個BSD UNIX的基礎上發展起來的。與此同時，AT&T貝爾實驗室也在不斷改變他們的商用UNIX版本。直到AT&T貝爾實驗室在吸收了BSD UNIX已經有的各種優先特性，並結合其本身特點，推出了UNIX System V版本之後，才形成了BSD UNIX和UNIX System V兩大主流UNIX系統。
20世紀80年代初期，UNIX System V仍然主要由AT&T所擁有。但到1993年初，AT&T將開發UNIX系統的實驗室（USL）賣給了Novell公司，UNIX即為 Novell所擁有。後來，Novell將自己的UNIX改名為UNIXWare，而將UNIX商標贈送給X/OPEN——一個由眾多UNIX廠商組成的聯盟，這樣這個聯盟內的所有成員均可以使用UNIX商標。從此以後，UNIX不再是專有產品了。
System V對於UNIX平台的主要貢獻包括：
增強了Bourne shell功能，包括shell函數；
支持STREAMS和TLI網絡庫；
遠程文件共享（RFS）；
改善了內存分頁；
應用了二進制接口（ABI）。
由於Solaris最初是由伯克利大學的BSD派生出來的，因此，SunOS 4.x（常被稱為Solaris1.x）的命令風格與其他的BSD非常相似，只是由於後來改用了System V的版本4（SVR4），才使得SunOS 5.x（也就是Solaris 2.x）發生了變化。
SVR4與BSD UNIX的主要差別可以總結如下：
Root腳本在System V中為/etc/init.d，在BSD中為/etc/rc.d。
默認shell在System V中為Bourne shell，在BSD中為C shell。
文件系統數據庫在System V中為/etc/mnttab，在BSD中為/etc/mtab。
內核名稱在System V中為/UNIX，在BSD中為/vmUNIX。
打印系統在System V中為lp，在BSD中為lpr。
字符串函數在System V中為memcopy，在BSD中為bcopy。
終端初始化在System V中為/etc/inittab，在BSD中為/etc/ttys。
終端控制在System V中為termio，在BSD中為termios。
而SunOS 5.x也逐漸被Solaris 2.x名稱代替，在Solaris 2.6以後，Solaris 7（SunOS 5.7）開始改變它的版本編號方法，它以過去的小版本編號為基礎，采用了單一版本號的形式。也就是說，Solaris的版本序號順序為 2.5，2.6，7，8，9，10。
Sun操作系統版本發展的時間順序如下：
1971年，第一個UNIX版本發布。
1982年，Sun選擇UNIX操作系統用於其第一個工作站。
1983年，SunOS 1.0發布。
1984年，Sun發明NFS技術。
1985年，SunOS 2.0支持NFS技術。
1988年，SunOS 4.0支持其第一個SPARC處理器和使用虛擬內存技術。
1992年，Solaris 2發布，基於UNIX SVR4，並支持其第一款多處理器工作站。
1992年，Solaris 2.1增加支持線程技術。
1993年，Solaris 2.2增加支持對稱多處理器技術。
1995年，Solaris 2.5支持UltraSPARC工作站/服務器。
1997年，Solaris 2.6支持1TB大文件。
1998年，Solaris 7采用64位技術，支持Java。
2000年，Solaris 8增加支持安全的企業級Web應用。
2002年，Solaris 9服務提供平台，U5版支持CMT技術，並增加Sun Java企業系統。
2005年，Solaris 10虛擬化OE，增加N1 Grid Container，DTrace等。
2006年，Solaris 10增加了ZFS文件系統。
其中，Solaris 10是最具有裡程碑意義的。從此，Solaris走向了開源，代碼不再由專門的Sun公司的操作系統專家所編寫。也就是說，下一個版本的Solaris將是由開源社區的眾多自由軟件開發者編寫的。
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目錄:
Contents
Preface xvii
About the Authors xxi
Chapter 1 Installing the Solaris 10 Operating System 1
1.1 Methods to Meet Your Needs 1
1.2 The Basics of Solaris Installation 2
1.2.1 Installing Solaris on a SPARC System 6
1.2.2 Installing Solaris on an x86 System 9
1.3 Solaris JumpStart Installation 13
1.3.1 Setting up a JumpStart Server 13
1.3.2 Creating a Profile Server for Networked Systems 14
1.3.3 Performing a Custom JumpStart Installation 22
1.4 Upgrading a Solaris System 25
1.5 Solaris Live Upgrade 26
Chapter 2 Boot, Service Management, and Shutdown 33
2.1 Boot 33
2.1.1 The Bootloader 33
2.1.2 The Kernel 34
2.1.3 User-Mode Programs 34
2.1.4 GRUB Extensions 35
2.1.5 Modifying Boot Behavior 36
2.1.6 Run Levels 37
2.1.7 Troubleshooting 37
2.2 Service Management Facility 39
2.2.1 enabled 40
2.2.2 state, next_state, and state_time 40
2.2.3 logfile 41
2.2.4 dependency 41
2.2.5 How SMF Interacts with Service Implementations 42
2.2.6 The Service Configuration Facility 44
2.2.7 Health and Troubleshooting 44
2.2.8 Service Manifests 45
2.2.9 Backup and Restore of SCF Data 45
2.3 Shutdown 46
2.3.1 Application-Specific Shutdown 46
2.3.2 Application-Independent Shutdown 46
Chapter 3 Software Management: Packages 47
3.1 Managing Software Packages 47
3.2 What Is a Package? 47
3.2.1 SVR4 Package Content 48
3.2.2 Package Naming Conventions 49
3.3 Tools for Managing Software Packages 49
3.4 Installing or Removing a Software Package with the
pkgadd or pkgrm Command 50
3.5 Using Package Commands to Manage Software Packages 51
3.5.1 How to Install Packages with the pkgadd
Command 51
3.5.2 Adding Frequently Installed Packages to a Spool
Directory 54
3.5.3 Removing Software Packages 56
Chapter 4 Software Management: Patches 59
4.1 Managing Software with Patches 59
4.2 What Is a Patch? 59
4.2.1 Patch Content 60
4.2.2 Patch Numbering 61
4.3 Patch Management Best Practices 61
4.3.1 Proactive Patch Management Strategy 62
4.3.2 Reactive Patch Management Strategy 68
4.3.3 Security Patch Management Strategy 70
4.3.4 Proactive Patching When Installing a New System 71
4.3.5 Identifying Patches for Proactive Patching and
Accessing Patches 73
4.4 Example of Using Solaris Live Upgrade to
Install Patches 75
4.4.1 Overview of Patching with Solaris Live Upgrade 75
4.4.2 Planning for Using Solaris Live Upgrade 77
4.4.3 How to Apply a Patch When Using Solaris Live
Upgrade for the Solaris 10 8/07 Release 79
4.5 Patch Automation Tools 86
4.6 Overview of Patch Types 88
4.7 Patch README Special Instructions 93
4.7.1 When to Patch in Single-User Mode 93
4.7.2 When to Reboot After Applying or Removing a Patch 94
4.7.3 Patch Metadata for Non-Global Zones 95
4.8 Patch Dependencies (Interrelationships) 96
4.8.1 SUNW_REQUIRES Field for Patch Dependencies 96
4.8.2 SUNW_OBSOLETES Field for Patch Accumulation
and Obsolescence 97
4.8.3 SUNW_INCOMPAT Field for Incompatibility 97
Chapter 5 Solaris File Systems 99
5.1 Solaris File System Overview 99
5.1.1 Mounting File Systems 100
5.1.2 Unmounting File Systems 102
5.1.3 Using the /etc/vfstab File 103
5.1.4 Determining a File System Type 104
5.1.5 Monitoring File Systems 105
5.2 UFS File Systems 105
5.2.1 Creating a UFS File System 106
5.2.2 Backing Up and Restoring UFS File Systems 107
5.2.3 Using Quotas to Manage Disk Space 108
5.2.4 Checking File System Integrity 110
5.2.5 Using Access Control Lists 112
5.2.6 Using UFS Logging 113
5.2.7 Using Extended File Attributes 115
5.2.8 Using Multiterabyte UFS File Systems 115
5.2.9 Creating UFS Snapshots 115
5.3 ZFS File System Administration 117
5.3.1 Using Pools and File Systems 118
5.3.2 Backing Up a ZFS File System 120
5.3.3 Using Mirroring and Striping 121
5.3.4 Using RAID-Z 122
5.3.5 Using Copy-on-Write and Snapshots 122
5.3.6 Using File Compression 124
5.3.7 Measuring Performance 124
5.3.8 Expanding a Pool 125
5.3.9 Checking a Pool 126
5.3.10 Replacing a Disk 127
5.4 NFS File System Administration 127
5.4.1 Finding Available NFS File Systems 128
5.4.2 Mounting an NFS File System 129
5.4.3 Unmounting an NFS File System 129
5.4.4 Configuring Automatic File System Sharing 130
5.4.5 Automounting File Systems 130
5.5 Removable Media 133
5.5.1 Using the PCFS File System 135
5.5.2 Using the HSFS File System 136
5.6 Pseudo File System Administration 136
5.6.1 Using Swap Space 136
5.6.2 Using the TMPFS File System 138
5.6.3 Using the Loopback File System 139
Chapter 6 Managing System Processes 141
6.1 Overview 141
6.1.1 State of a Process 143
6.1.2 Process Context 143
6.2 Monitoring the Processes 145
6.2.1 Process Status: ps 146
6.2.2 Grepping for Process: pgrep 149
6.2.3 Process Statistics Summary: prstat 149
6.2.4 Reap a Zombie Process: preap 151
6.2.5 Temporarily Stop a Process: pstop 152
6.2.6 Resuming a Suspended Process: prun 152
6.2.7 Wait for Process Completion: pwait 152
6.2.8 Process Working Directory: pwdx 152
6.2.9 Process Arguments: pargs 152
6.2.10 Process File Table: pfiles 153
6.2.11 Process Libraries: pldd 154
6.2.12 Process Tree: ptree 154
6.2.13 Process Stack: pstack 155
6.2.14 Tracing Process: truss 156
6.3 Controlling the Processes 158
6.3.1 The nice and renice Commands 158
6.3.2 Signals 159
6.4 Process Manager 164
6.5 Scheduling Processes 170
6.5.1 cron Utility 171
6.5.2 The at Command 175
Chapter 7 Fault Management 179
7.1 Overview 179
7.2 Fault Notification 181
7.3 Displaying Faults 182
7.4 Repairing Faults 184
7.5 Managing Fault Management Log Files 184
7.5.1 Automatic Log Rotation 185
7.5.2 Manual Log Rotation 186
7.5.3 Log Rotation Failures 187
7.5.4 Examining Historical Log Files 188
7.6 Managing fmd and fmd Modules 188
7.6.1 Loading and Unloading Modules 189
7.6.2 fmd Statistics 191
7.6.3 Configuration Files 192
7.7 Fault Management Directories 193
7.8 Solaris Fault Management Downloadable Resources 193
7.8.1 Solaris FMA Demo Kit 193
7.8.2 Events Registry 194
Chapter 8 Managing Disks 197
8.1 Hard Disk Drive 197
8.2 Disk Terminology 199
8.3 Disk Device Naming Conventions 200
8.3.1 Specifying the Disk Subdirectory in Commands 202
8.4 Overview of Disk Management 202
8.4.1 Device Driver 202
8.4.2 Disk Labels (VTOC or EFI) 203
8.4.3 Disk Slices 205
8.4.4 Slice Arrangements on Multiple Disks 207
8.4.5 Partition Table 208
8.4.6 format Utility 210
8.4.7 format Menu and Command Descriptions 211
8.4.8 Partition Menu 213
8.4.9 x86: fdisk Menu 214
8.4.10 Analyze Menu 215
8.4.11 Defect Menu 217
8.5 Disk Management Procedures 217
8.5.1 How to Identify the Disks on a System 218
8.5.2 How to Determine If a Disk Is Formatted 218
8.5.3 How to Format a Disk 219
8.5.4 How to Identify a Defective Sector by Performing a
Surface Analysis 221
8.5.5 How to Repair a Defective Sector 222
8.5.6 How to Display the Partition Table or Slice
Information 223
8.5.7 Creating Disk Slices (Partitioning a Disk) and
Labeling a Disk 224
8.5.8 Creating a File System On a Disk 228
8.5.9 Additional Commands to Manage Disks 229
Chapter 9 Managing Devices 235
9.1 Solaris Device Driver Introduction 235
9.2 Analyzing Lack of Device Support 236
9.2.1 Device Does Not Work 236
9.2.2 Obtaining Information About Devices 236
9.2.3 Obtaining Information About Drivers 241
9.2.4 Does the Device Have a Driver? 248
9.2.5 Current Driver Does Not Work 250
9.2.6 Can a Driver for a Similar Device Work? 250
9.3 Installing and Updating Drivers 251
9.3.1 Backing Up Current Functioning Driver Binaries 251
9.3.2 Package Installations 252
9.3.3 Install Time Updates 252
9.3.4 Manual Driver Binary Installation 253
9.3.5 Adding a Device Driver to a Net Installation Image 256
9.3.6 Adding a Device Driver to a CD/DVD
Installation Image 262
9.3.7 Swapping Disks 263
9.4 When Drivers Hang or Panic the System 266
9.4.1 Device Driver Causes the System to Hang 266
9.4.2 Device Driver Causes the System to Panic 268
9.4.3 Device Driver Degrades System Performance 269
9.5 Driver Administration Commands and Files 270
9.5.1 Driver Administration Command Summary 270
9.5.2 Driver Administration File Summary 272
Chapter 10 Solaris Networking 275
10.1 Introduction to Network Configuration 275
10.1.1 Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Stack 275
10.1.2 Configuring the Network as Superuser 277
10.2 Setting Up a Network 277
10.2.1 Components of the XYZ, Inc. Network 277
10.2.2 Configuring the Sales Domain 280
10.2.3 Configuring the Accounting Domain 283
10.2.4 Configuring the Multihomed Host 288
10.2.5 Setting Up a System for Static Routing 296
10.2.6 Configuring the Corporate Domain 300
10.2.7 Testing the Network Configuration 302
10.3 Monitoring Network Performance 304
10.3.1 dladm Command 304
10.3.2 ifconfig Command 305
10.3.3 netstat Command 305
10.3.4 snoop Command 307
10.3.5 traceroute Command 308
Chapter 11 Solaris User Management 309
11.1 Solaris Users, Groups, and Roles 309
11.1.1 File System Object Permissions 310
11.1.2 User Account Components 312
11.1.3 User Management Tools 313
11.1.4 User Management Files 313
11.2 Managing Users and Groups 314
11.2.1 Starting the Solaris Management Console 314
11.2.2 Adding a Group and a User to Local Files 315
11.2.3 Adding a Group and a User to an NIS Domain 317
11.3 Managing Roles 318
11.3.1 Changing root from a User to a Role 318
11.3.2 Viewing the List of Roles 319
11.3.3 Assigning a Role to a Local User 319
Chapter 12 Solaris Zones 321
12.1 Overview 321
12.2 How Zones Work 323
12.3 Branded Zones 324
12.4 Network Interfaces in Zones 324
12.5 Devices in Zones 325
12.6 Packages and Patches in a Zones Environment 325
12.7 Administering Zones 326
12.7.1 Zone Configuration 327
12.7.2 Viewing a Zone Configuration 331
12.7.3 Zone Installation and Booting 331
12.7.4 Zone Login Using the zlogin Command 332
12.8 Halting, Uninstalling, Moving, and Cloning Zones 333
12.9 Migrating a Zone to a New System 334
12.10 Deleting a Zone 336
12.11 Listing the Zones on a System 336
12.12 Zones Usage Examples 337
12.12.1 Adding a Dedicated Device to a Non-Global Zone 337
12.12.2 How to Export Home Directories in the Global Zone
into a Non-Global Zone 337
12.12.3 Altering Privileges in a Non-Global Zone 337
12.12.4 Checking the Status of SMF Services 338
12.12.5 Modifying CPU, Swap, and Locked Memory Caps
in Zones 338
12.12.6 Using the Dtrace Program in a Non-Global Zone 339
Chapter 13 Using Naming Services 341
13.1 Using Naming Services (DNS, NIS, AND LDAP) 341
13.1.1 Naming Service Cache Daemon (nscd) 342
13.1.2 DNS Naming Services 342
13.1.3 NIS Naming Services 342
13.1.4 LDAP Naming Services 343
13.1.5 Organizational Use of Naming Services 343
13.1.6 Network Database Sources 344
13.2 Name Service Switch File 347
13.2.1 Configuring the Name Service Switch File 347
13.2.2 Database Status and Actions 349
13.3 DNS Setup and Configuration 350
13.3.1 Resolver Files 350
13.3.2 Steps DNS Clients Use to Resolve Names 350
13.4 NIS Setup and Configuration 351
13.4.1 Setting Up NIS Clients 351
13.4.2 Working with NIS Maps 352
13.5 LDAP Setup and Configuration 356
13.5.1 Initializing a Client Using Per-User Credentials 357
13.5.2 Configuring an LDAP Client 359
13.5.3 Using Profiles to Initialize an LDAP Client 362
13.5.4 Using Proxy Credentials to Initialize an LDAP Client 362
13.5.5 Initializing an LDAP Client Manually 363
13.5.6 Modifying a Manual LDAP Client Configuration 363
13.5.7 Troubleshooting LDAP Client Configuration 364
13.5.8 Uninitializing an LDAP Client 364
13.5.9 Initializing the Native LDAP Client 364
13.5.10 LDAP API Entry Listings 368
13.5.11 Troubleshooting Name Service Information 368
Chapter 14 Solaris Print Administration 369
14.1 Overview of the Solaris Printing Architecture 369
14.2 Key Concepts 370
14.2.1 Printer Categories (Local and Remote Printers) 370
14.2.2 Printer Connections (Directly Attached and Network Attached) 370
14.2.3 Description of a Print Server and a Print Client 371
14.3 Solaris Printing Tools and Services 371
14.3.1 Solaris Print Manager 371
14.3.2 LP Print Service 371
14.3.3 PostScript Printer Definitions File Manager 372
14.4 Network Protocols 372
14.4.1 Berkeley Software Distribution Protocol 372
14.4.2 Transmission Control Protocol 372
14.4.3 Internet Printing Protocol 373
14.4.4 Server Message Block Protocol 373
14. 5 Planning for Printer Setup 373
14. 5.1 Print Server Requirements 373
14. 5.2 Locating Information About Supported Printers 374
14. 5.3 Locating Information About Available PPD Files 375
14. 5.4 Adding a New PPD File to the System 375
14. 5.5 Adding Printers in a Naming Service 377
14. 5.6 Printer Support in the Naming Service Switch 377
14. 5.7 Enabling Network Listening Services 378
14.6 Setting Up Printers with Solaris Printer Manager 379
14.6.1 Assigning Printer Definitions 379
14.6.2 Starting Solaris Print Manager 380
14.6.3 Setting Up a New Directly Attached Printer With Solaris Print Manager 381
14.6.4 Setting Up a New Network-Attached Printer with Solaris Print Manager 381
14.7 Setting Up a Printer on a Print Client with Solaris Print Manager 385
14.7.1 Adding Printer Access With Solaris Print Manager 385
14.8 Administering Printers by Using LP Print Commands 385
14.8.1 Frequently Used LP Print Commands 386
14.8.2 Using the lpstat Command 386
14.8.3 Disabling and Enabling Printers 387
14.8.4 Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests 387
14.8.5 Canceling a Print Request 388
14.8.6 Moving Print Requests from One Printer to Another Printer 389
14.8.7 Deleting a Printer 390
14.9 Troubleshooting Printing Problems 392
14.9.1 Troubleshooting No Output (Nothing Prints) 392
14.9.2 Checking That the Print Scheduler Is Running 393
14.9.3 Debugging Printing Problems 393
14.9.4 Checking the Printer Network Connections 394
Index 395