中文名: 神學政治論
原名: A Theologico-Political Treatise
作者: (荷)巴魯赫·斯賓諾莎
資源格式: PDF
版本: 英文文字版
出版社: Forgotten Books
書號: 978-1606200209
發行時間: 2008年05月07日
地區: 美國
語言: 英文
簡介:

內容簡介:
哲學家和泛神論者巴魯赫·斯賓諾莎撰寫的《神學政治論》是一部早期的批判宗教仇視、保護世俗政府的論文。
在文中，斯賓諾莎提出了對所有有組織的宗教的系統性的評判。他認為，對所有宗教都應該在一個合理的基礎上進行分析，而不是簡單化地盲目信仰。
哈氏譯文，不對勿惱！
作者簡介:
斯賓諾莎出生於荷蘭。他的父母親以經營進出口貿易為生，生活頗為寬裕，斯賓諾莎也因此得以進入當地的猶太神學校，學習希伯來文、猶太法典以及中世紀的猶太哲學等。他也接受了拉丁語的訓練，而正是憑借著拉丁語，斯賓諾莎得以接觸笛卡爾等人的著作。他也由此漸漸脫離所謂正統的學說范圍，並最終在 24歲時被逐出了猶太教會堂。他最後搬出猶太人居住區，以磨鏡片為生，同時進行哲學思考。磨鏡片這項工作傷害了他的健康，他在工作的時候吸入了大量的硒塵，這與他的死因--肺痨有直接的關系。斯賓諾莎此後一直過著隱居的生活。1673年有人提供他海德堡大學哲學系的教職，條件是不可提及宗教，不過斯賓諾莎婉拒。他在45歲時就去世。
斯賓諾莎的著作中最偉大的莫過於《依幾何次序所證倫理學》（Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata，簡稱《倫理學》），該著作一直到斯賓諾莎死後才得以發表。該書是以歐幾裡得的幾何學方式來書寫的，一開始就給出一組公理以及各種公式，從中產生命題、證明、推論以及解釋。他的其他兩部重要的作品包括了《神學政治論》（拉丁文Tractatus Theologico-Politicus，英譯A Theologico-Political Treatise）和《政治論》（Tractatus Politicus）。《神學政治論》的主題是聖經批評與政治理論，而後者則只談政治理論。
內容截圖:

壓縮包截圖:

目錄:
PART 1
* PREFACE
* OF PROPHECY
* OF PROPHETS
* OF THE VOCATION OF THE HEBREWS, AND WHETHER THE GIFT OF PROPHECY AS
PECULIAR TO THEM
* OF THE DIVINE LAW
* OF THE CEREMONIAL LAW
PART 2
* OF MIRACLES
* OF THE INTERPRETATION OF SCRIPTURE
* OF THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE PENTATEUCH AND THE OTHER HISTORICAL BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
* OTHER QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE SAME BOOKS: NAMELY, WHETHER THEY WERE COMPLETELY FINISHED BY EZRA, AND, FURTHER, WHETHER THE MARGINAL NOTES WHICH ARE FOUND IN THE HEBREW TEXTS WERE VARIOUS READINGS
* AN EXAMINATION OF THE REMAINING BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT ACCORDING TO THE PRECEDING METHOD
PART 3
* AN INQUIRY WHETHER THE APOSTLES WROTE THEIR EPISTLES AS APOSTLES AND PROPHETS, OR MERELY AS TEACHERS; AND AN EXPLANATION OF WHAT IS MEANT BY AN APOSTLE
* OF THE TRUE ORIGINAL OF THE DIVINE LAW, AND WHEREFORE SCRIPTURE IS CALLED SACRED, AND THE WORD OF GOD. HOW THAT, IN S0 FAR AS IT CONTAINS THE WORD OF GOD, IT HAS COME DOWN TO US UNCORRUPTED
* IT IS SHOWN THAT SCRIPTURE TEACHES ONLY VERY SIMPLE DOCTRINES, SUCH AS SUFFICE FOR RIGHT CONDUCT
* DEFINITIONS OF FAITH, THE FAITH, AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH, WHICH IS ONCE FOR ALL SEPARATED FROM PHILOSOPHY
* THEOLOGY IS SHOWN NOT TO BE SUBSERVIENT TO REASON, NOR REASON TO THEOLOGY: A DEFINITION OF THE REASON WHICH ENABLES US TO ACCEPT THE AUTHORITY OF THE BIBLE
PART 4
* OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF A STATE; OF THE NATURAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS; AND OF THE RIGHTS OF THE SOVEREIGN POWER
* IT IS SHOWN THAT NO ONE CAN, OR NEED, TRANSFER ALL HIS RIGHTS TO THE SOVEREIGN POWER. OF THE HEBREW REPUBLIC, AS IT WAS DURING THE LIFETIME OF MOSES, AND AFTER HIS DEATH, TILL THE FOUNDATION OF THE MONARCHY; AND OF ITS EXCELLENCE. LASTLY, OF THE CAUSES WHY THE THEOCRATIC REPUBLIC FELL, AND WHY IT COULD HARDLY HAVE CONTINUED WITHOUT DISSENSION
* FROM THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE HEBREWS, AND THEIR HISTORY, CERTAIN POLITICAL DOCTRINES ARE DEDUCED
* IT IS SHOWN THAT THE RIGHT OVER MATTERS SPIRITUAL LIES WHOLLY WITH THE SOVEREIGN, AND THAT THE OUTWARD FORMS OF RELIGION SHOULD BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PUBLIC PEACE, IF WE WOULD OBEY GOD ARIGHT
* THAT IN A FREE STATE EVERY MAN MAY THINK WHAT HE LIKES, AND SAY WHAT HE THINKS